Abstract
Treponema pallidum (Tp) has unique genome and protein structures. Tp genotyping may facilitate molecular epidemiological studies of syphilis. Tp lacks lipopolysaccharides and outer membrane proteins, but can express various lipoproteins, which are associated with tissue adhesion and dissemination of Tp, and can induce the host immune response. The host immune response to Tp is a very complex process with the involvement of innate immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity. T helper type 1 cell immunity plays an important role in the occurrence and development of syphilis. Both local and systemic cellular immunity are abnormal in patients with syphilis. Key words: Syphilis; Treponema pallidum; Immunity; Antigens; Th1 cells
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