Abstract
The one-century-old idea of turning the immense resources of the immune system against cancer cells as a tool in the treatment of cancer patients has been reinvigorated with the identification of the molecular targets recognized by tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Indeed, over 40 different antigenic peptides, derived from mostly non-mutated and normally expressed proteins, have been defined that mimic an equal number of CTL-defined tumor antigens. The possibility to chemically synthesize large quantities of well-defined antigenic peptides together with significant progress made in the understanding of in vivo induction of specific CTL responses, have paved the way to new approaches for the design of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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