Immune Function оf the Lymphatic System

Abstract

Abstract—The lymphatic system plays a critical role in immunity, going far beyond the simple transport of immune cells and antigens. The endothelial cells in the various parts of this vasculature are highly specialized to perform various specific functions. Lymphatic capillaries express chemokines and adhesion molecules that in tissues promote the recruitment and transmigration of immune cells. Signaling molecules produced by endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries during inflammation modulate the migration of lymphocytes through venules with high endothelium from the blood into the parenchyma of lymph nodes. Lymphatic vessels provide active regulated transport of immune cells and antigens to the lymph nodes. In the lymph nodes, with their complex structure organized by stromal cells, optimal conditions are created for the contacts of antigen-presenting cells with lymphocytes. Different subpopulations of lymph node endothelial cells perform specific functions according to lymph node location and contribute to both innate and adaptive immune responses through antigen presentation, lymph node remodeling, and regulation of leukocyte entry and exit.