Abstract
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Step forward in Cancer Management
Highlights
Cancer cells express unusual neoantigens which activate signal transduction pathways resulting in unregulated tumor growth
The paradigm is represented by erythroblastic oncogene B (ErbB2), a constitutively active cell surface receptor overexpressed on the surface of breast cancer cells [1]
Concerning anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) treatment, upregulation of the inhibitory receptor V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) has been observed on tumorinfiltrating immune cells in patients affected by melanoma or prostate cancer [79]
Summary
Cancer cells express unusual neoantigens which activate signal transduction pathways resulting in unregulated tumor growth. Cancer cells express unusual antigens which activate signal transduction pathways resulting in unregulated tumor growth. The characterization of these negative immune regulators led to the successful development of fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designed to promote T-cell activation and increase the anti-tumor immune response.
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