Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)and programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1)are well studied immune checkpoint(IC)in recent years.New IC, such as lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG-3)and B7H3 are in progress.Several clinical trials have confirmed that inhibitors of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have achieved remarkable results in inhibiting tumor growth, maintaining disease stability and prolonging survival of patients.Therefore, immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)is expected to play a potential role in the treatment of malignant tumors in children.However, ICI also has some limitations, including uncertain efficacy and potential toxicity.It is challenging to identify the best target population, maximize the benefit of patients and minimize the risk of toxicity in future. Key words: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Immunotherapy; Pediatric malignancies
Published Version
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