Abstract
Vaccine efficacy is based on clinical data. Currently, the assessment of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is scarce. A total of 52 healthcare workers were immunized with the same lot of BNT162b2 vaccine. The immunological response against the vaccine was tested using a T-specific assay based on the expression of CD25 and CD134 after stimulation with anti-N, -S, and -M specific peptides of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, IgG anti-S2 and -RBD antibodies were detected using ELISA. Furthermore, the cell subsets involved in the response to the vaccine were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Humoral-specific responses against the vaccine were detected in 94% and 100% after the first and second doses, respectively. Therefore, anti-S T-specific responses were observed in 57% and 90% of the subjects after the first and second doses of the vaccine, respectively. Thirty days after the second dose, significant increases in T helper 1 memory cells (p < 0.001), peripheral memory T follicular helper (pTFH) cells (p < 0.032), and switched memory (p = 0.005) were observed. This study describes the specific humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination with the new mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine. A mobilization of TFH into the circulation occurs, reflecting a specific activation of the immune system.
Highlights
IntroductionHumoral-specific responses against the vaccine were detected in 94% and 100% after the first and second doses, respectively
The evaluation of the vaccine-response has been mainly based on the specific antievaluationHowever, of the vaccine-response has been basedactivated on the specific antibodyThe production
The efficacy of vaccines in clinical trials has been described based on the frequency The efficacy of vaccines in clinical trials has been described based on the frequency of of infected cases and hospitalization after vaccination [17]
Summary
Humoral-specific responses against the vaccine were detected in 94% and 100% after the first and second doses, respectively. The production of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and specific CD4 and CD8 T cells has been analyzed in subgroups of patients included in the clinical trials and, more recently after the conditional approval of vaccines, in specific groups of patients and populations [5]. Such an immune response is not usually evaluated between the first and second doses of the vaccine and is not used for immune assessment of the response before clinical effect. There are differences in vaccine designs: the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 and BNT162b2 vaccines are designed based on SARS-CoV-2 Spike-mRNA, whereas Gam-COVID-Vac is a combined vector vaccine, based on rAd type 26 (rAd26) and rAd type 5 (rAd5), and ChAdOx1 published maps and institutional affiliations
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