Immobilized Biocatalysts of Eversa® Transform 2.0 and Lipase from Thermomyces Lanuginosus: Comparison of Some Properties and Performance in Biodiesel Production

Cristina Otero,Sara Arana-Peña,Malcom Yates,Diego Carballares,Javier A Martínez-Sanchez,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente

doi:10.3390/catal10070738

Cristina Otero, Sara Arana-Peña + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10070738

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Abstract

Eversa® Transform (ET), and the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), liquid commercial lipases formulations, have been immobilized on octyl agarose beads and their stabilities were compared. Immobilized and free ET forms were more thermostable than TLL formulations at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, and the ET immobilized form was more stable in the presence of 90% methanol or dioxane at 25 °C and pH 7. Specific activity versus p-nitrophenyl butyrate was higher for ET than for TLL. However, after immobilization the differences almost disappeared because TLL was very hyperactivated (2.5-fold) and ET increased the activity only by 1.6 times. The enzymes were also immobilized in octadecyl methacrylate beads. In both cases, the loading was around 20 mg/g. In this instance, activity was similar for immobilized TLL and ET using triacetin, while the activity of immobilized ET was lower using (S)-methyl mandelate. When the immobilized enzymes were used to produce biodiesel from sunflower oil and methanol in tert-butanol medium, their performance was fairly similar.

Highlights

The climate change and the shortage of petroleum have made researchers look for liquid fuel substitutes
The tendency to avoid the use of edible oils in biodiesel production and use alternative sources is remarkable, like used frying oils [8,9], algae oils [10,11], distillates derived from oil industries [12,13,14], as some of these materials are very rich in free fatty acids
Our in objective was tosynthesis; prepare in fully biocatalysts of both to perform of them the biodiesel fact,loaded we offered an enzyme loadenzymes that overpassed that aoffair the comparison of themthe in the synthesis; we support offered an enzyme load that overpassed support to ensure full biodiesel loading of the support

Summary

Introduction

The climate change and the shortage of petroleum have made researchers look for liquid fuel substitutes. Biodiesel is one of these green and renewable energy alternatives It is the short alcohol chain esters of free fatty acids, obtained from oils, fats, or their derivatives as raw materials [1,2,3,4]. The usual production of biodiesel is via a transesterification catalyzed by alkaline catalysts, a very rapid and efficient process [1,2,3,4] It requires free-acid oils, consumes high energy, and has some side reactions involving free fatty acids and glycerin. Acid catalysis does not suffer from these problems, being able to catalyze both esterification and transesterification reactions, but it is a much slower process and requires higher temperatures and the use of reactors that are resistant to acid corrosion [15,16,17,18,19]

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