Abstract
End-of-life cathode ray tubes (CRTs) have become global problem in the pool of waste electrical and electronics owing to higher concentration of lead (Pb) and this needs urgent management in an ecofriendly manner. In this study, spent CRT glass was incorporated in clay to make burnt bricks for construction. Samples of CRT glass were collected from technicians’ workshops, manually dismantled, pulverized, milled and sieved into three particles sizes (PS), namely; 0.6mm ≤1.0mm, ≤2.0mm. The metallic composition was determined with Inductive Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometric technique (ICP-OES). Each PS was mixed with clay at percentages ranging from 0% as control to 15% CRT and moulded using dry compression technique, dried and fired in furnace at 800 0C. Mechanical properties of fired bricks products were assessed including water absorption, linear shrinkage and compressive strength. The 4wt% CRT-clay composition for ≤0.6mm PS exhibited highest strength with low linear shrinkage and medium water absorption and was selected as optimum composition. Lead (Pb) leachability from fired CRT-glass/clay from the three particle sizes using TCLP and SPLP were within permissible limit of 5.0mg/L set by US-EPA. The total recoverable lead (Pb) from optimum test composition was 96mg/L or 96,000 mg/kg that exceeded the permissible limit. From the findings, it can be shown that the optimum composition of less than 0.6mm particle size is of good quality, durable and environmentally safe bricks that can be used for building construction works.
Highlights
Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment otherwise called e-waste is a ubiquitous challenge of global concern
This study evaluated the incorporation of Cathode ray tubes (CRT)-glass of different particle sizes (0.6mm ≤1.0mm ≤2.0mm.) in fired clay bricks with the aim of immobilizing the Pb in the glass
Elemental composition of CRT glass consists of Silicon as a result of amorphous silicate salt of the glass which will be a good binder with clay-CRT glass admixture, calcium, Boron and aluminium resulting from its mineral contents
Summary
Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment otherwise called e-waste is a ubiquitous challenge of global concern. E-waste encompasses wide range of products containing both precious and hazardous substances such as gold, silver, palladium, platinum, plastics, lead-containing CRT glass, mercury, cadmium, batteries, flame retardants, printed circuit boards (PCBs) among others with economic viability and deleterious environmental impact EC (2003), Tsydenova and Bengtson (2011). Cathode ray tubes (CRT) are the technology used in most televisions and computer display screen which are the viewing portions of these devices Nnorom et al (2010b). Rapid improvement in this 21st century technologies led to the replacement of leaded-CRT-containing televisions and monitors with new products such as Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Plasma Display.
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