Abstract
In this paper, a facile fabrication of enhanced direct contact membrane distillation membrane via immobilization of the hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) on the permeate side (GOIM-P) of a commercial polypropylene supported polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is presented. The permeate side hydrophilicity of the membrane was modified by immobilizing the GO to facilitate fast condensation and the withdrawal of the permeate water vapors. The water vapor flux was found to be as high as 64.5 kg/m2·h at 80 °C, which is 15% higher than the unmodified membrane at a feed salt concentration of 10,000 ppm. The mass transfer coefficient was observed 6.2 × 10−7 kg/m2·s·Pa at 60 °C and 200 mL/min flow rate in the GOIM-P.
Highlights
The demand for clean water has considerably increased around the world and is becoming a critical issue due to an increasing population and growing industrialization [1]
We present a complimentary approach where the graphene oxide (GO) is immobilized on the permeate side
GO was successfully immobilized on the permeate side of the PTFE membrane to increase the pure water flux in direct contact membrane distillation
Summary
The demand for clean water has considerably increased around the world and is becoming a critical issue due to an increasing population and growing industrialization [1]. There are two most popular techniques for desalination, namely reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-stage flash (MSF) distillation [4,5] While these are well established techniques that have much merit, they face limitations, such as high energy consumption, fouling, and high capital investment [6]. While most of the researches have focused on different membrane modifications [24,27,28,30,33,48], our previous studies have shown that permeate side hydrophilization of the membrane can significantly improve the water vapor permeation rate [16]. The GO enhances the overall flux by providing sites for condensation of the permeated water vapor, which facilitates the rapid removal of water, enhancing overall mass transport
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