Abstract
In this research, adsorption properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on diatomite clay, which is an oxide mineral, were studied as a function of BSA, sodium phosphate buffer and protein concentration and pH and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption process were investigated. The BSA adsorption experiment onto diatomite clay indicated that the BSA solution reached the maximum adsorption value at pH 5.5. It was observed that the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of the data obtained from the adsorption studies showed a great dependence on pH. The maximum amount of adsorption in adsorption experiments can be considered as points where the electrostatic interaction for pH is appropriate. Both structural and electrostatic interaction in regions outside of the isoelectric point may have caused a decrease in BSA absorbance. The structural influences were associated with different conformational states that while BSA molecules accept changes with pH, electrostatic effects can be observed in BSA molecules behaved like soft particles. In this case, it is not possible to explain the independence of the qm–pH curves of the amount of adsorption. The protein molecules at this point are very stable. Because this value is close to the isoelectric point of serum albumin. The surface structural change of BSA and diatomite clay was studied. For this, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy values were compared before and after the experiment. The diatomite samples used as support material were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy and activation energy were investigated in their experimental work. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG*), Ea, ΔH* and ΔS* were calculated as − 67.45, 15.41, − 12.84 kJ mol−1 and − 183.28 J mol−1 K−1 for BSA adsorption, respectively. We can deduce that the adsorption process from the data obtained from the thermodynamic parameters is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption of the process was investigated using Eyring and Arrhenius equations, and its adsorption kinetic found to be coherent with the pseudo-second-order model. As a result, we reached that the diatomite clay is a suitable adsorbent for the BSA. Experimental results showed that diatomite clay has the potency to be used for rapid pretreatment in the process of identifying proteins.
Highlights
The besides protecting the structure of protein molecules practically in adsorption processes new changes in protein structure to perform adsorption are crucial to understand the structural changes in adsorption induction (Celik et al 2016d; Giacomelli and Norde 2001)
Protein adsorption is important from the complex nature of the system when viewed from a more fundamental perspective and ideally, a protein adsorption can be affected by pH, ionic strength, protein concentration and buffer solution states
It is observed that the adsorption rate increases with increasing bovine serum albumin initial concentration
Summary
The biotechnological and nanotechnological advances have recently begun to be used in many areas such as biosensors, artificial implants, nanocatalysts, purification strategies and drug delivery system (Demirci et al 2016; Ayranci et al 2017a, b; Sahin et al 2018; Karatepe et al 2016; Aday et al 2016a, b; Yildiz et al 2016a, b, c, d, e, 2017a, b, c; Erken et al 2015; Baskaya et al 2017a, b; Celik et al 2016a, b, c; Abrahamson et al 2013; Demir et al 2017a, b; Erken et al 2016a, b; Akocak et al 2017; Eris et al 2018a, b, c; Esirden et al 2015; Goksu et al 2016a, b, c, 2017; Sen et al. Vol.:(0123456789) 209 Page 2 of 12Applied Water Science (2018) 8:2092007, 2011a, b, 2012a, b, c, 2013a, b, c, 2014a, b, 2017a, b, c, d, e, f, 2018a, b; Mittal et al 2010; Gupta et al 2011, 2014a, b, 2015; Saleh and Gupta 2011, 2012a, b, 2014; Khani et al 2010; Saravanan et al 2013a, b, c, d, e, 2015a, b, 2016a, b; Devaraj et al 2016; Gupta and Saleh 2013; Erkan et al 2006; Bozkurt et al 2017; Pamuk et al 2015; Sahin et al 2017; Dasdelen et al 2017; Iverson et al 2013; Koskun et al 2018; Sen and Gokagac 2007, 2008, 2014; Gezer et al 2017; Giraldo et al 2014; Ahmaruzzaman and Gupta 2011; Mohammadi et al 2011; Robati et al 2016; Ghaedi et al 2015; Asfaram et al 2015; Topuz et al 2010; Zhang et al 2013). Protein adsorption is important from the complex nature of the system when viewed from a more fundamental perspective and ideally, a protein adsorption can be affected by pH, ionic strength, protein concentration and buffer solution states For this reason, protein adsorption studies have recently been extensively studied on experimental conditions (Hu and Su 2003; Hunter 1999). The purpose of this work is to determine the physicochemical adsorption kinetics of the BSA molecule on diatomite clay under certain conditions. In this sorption process, many experimental parameters were analyzed including the pH, ionic strength, protein concentration and buffer solution concentration. The purpose of this work was to study the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption of BSA on diatomite clay as support material under optimum experimental conditions. This investigation is aimed at to study the kinetics and dynamics of adsorption of BSA on diatomite clay
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