Abstract

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) OFFensive Swarm-Enabled Tactics (OFFSET) program seeks to develop swarms of up to 250 aerial- and ground-based platforms to aid small-unit infantry forces to accomplish missions in complex urban environments. Over the course of four years, the OFFSET performers regularly tested and improved the autonomy, hardware, communications infrastructure, and logistics necessary to enable such a vision. In this paper, we present the Immersive Interaction Interface (I3), a virtual reality interface designed by Smart Information Flow Technologies (SIFT), as part of the BBN/Raytheon-led Command and Control of Aggregate Swarm Tactics (CCAST) team. I3 served as the main control interface for the team throughout the program, and this paper discusses the primary innovative features of I3 as compared to prior swarm control interfaces, how I3 was used in the field during exercises, and lessons learned over the course of the program. The paper also presents numerical results from the final three field exercises of the OFFSET program, demonstrating how a single operator used I3 effectively to control large numbers of unmanned vehicles.

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