Abstract
The preoperative imaging diagnosis of rectal cancer lies at the heart of oncological staging and has a crucial influence on patient management and therapy planning. Rectal cancer is common, and accurate preoperative staging of tumors using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a crucial part of modern multidisciplinary team management (MDT). Indeed, rectal MRI has the ability to accurately evaluate a number of important findings that maBay impact patient management, including distance of the tumor to the mesorectal fascia, presence of lymph nodes, presence of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), and involvement of the anterior peritoneal reflection/peritoneum and the sphincter complex. Many of these findings are difficult to assess in non-expert hands. In this chapter, we present currently used staging modalities with focus on MRI, including optimization of imaging techniques, tumor staging, interpretation help as well as essentials for reporting.
Highlights
The preoperative imaging diagnosis of rectal cancer lies at the heart of oncological staging and has a crucial influence on patient management and therapy planning
The anal canal emerges from the ectoderm, and for this reason, some authors do not consider it as belonging to the rectum
Normal anorectal anatomy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the fasciae In MRI, we can divide the rectum into three sections based on its three lateral curvatures
Summary
The preoperative imaging diagnosis of rectal cancer lies at the heart of oncological staging and has a crucial influence on patient management and therapy planning. Computer tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast medium is the standard method to exclude metastases in the liver and lungs. The current state-of-the-art modality for local staging of the tumor is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 3D MRI, seems to bring additional valuable possibilities for the surgery planning of rectal cancer
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