Image Guidance Techniques and Treatment Approach Optimization in the Management of Type-II Endoleak After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Abstract

Over the past three decades EVAR emerged as the primary approach for abdominal aortic aneurysm management, however the occurrence of endoleak following endograft implantation imposes a high toll on patients and hospitals alike. The early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of endoleaks is associated with better outcomes, which calls for more advanced imaging and a standardized approach for endoleak diagnosis and management following EVAR. Although conventional strategy with non-targeted deployment of coils and embolic material in the aneurysm sac is considered to be the standard approach in many hospitals, it may not prove to be a viable option, given that it affects any further follow-up imaging in the event of sub-optimal therapy and consequent recurrence. Currently various imaging and image guidance tools are available to address this clinical challenge, utilizing a targeted approach to warrant optimal individualized, patient-tailored treatment for each case. We summarize our tertiary aortic referral center experience and describe strategies for optimal selection of various treatment approaches for Type-II Endoleak specifically. Including endovascular, percutaneous and laparoscopic approaches.