Abstract

 
 
 Pakistan’s decision of participating in the war on terror has put the entire country especially FATA on the mercy of extremist and terrorists. The current layer of terrorism and extremism has destroyed the peaceful traditional tribal society. The present study was conducted during 2013 to probe the effect of illiteracy on peace in the war-affected zone FATA. The major findings of the study reveal that illiteracy ratio was high at FATA, making FATA safe haven for militants and it was one of the main cases of terrorism, leading to violence, making the illiterate youth and madrasa students more vulnerable to militancy. Furthermore lacks of interest in education, dysfunctional education institution, and preference to madrasa education were also the variables, which were affecting peace in FATA. The study also reveals that in the presence of illiteracy sustainable peace is not possible in FATA.
 
 
Highlights
Pakistan’s decision of participating in the war on terror has put the entire country especially Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA) on the mercy of extremist and terrorists
Statement FATA is peaceful place FATA is under the shadow of war War/ Terrorism has affected the lives of people of FATA FATA is not peaceful after the arrival of militants There is violence and terror in FATA Drone attacks are common in FATA
FATA is an open hide out/safe heavens of militants Militants movement can be freely observe in FATA Peace is the major demand of FATA people There should be urgent efforts for peace in FATA There are high prospects of peace in near future
Summary
Pakistan’s decision of participating in the war on terror has put the entire country especially FATA on the mercy of extremist and terrorists. The present study was conducted during 2013 to probe the effect of illiteracy on peace in the war-affected zone FATA. The study reveals that in the presence of illiteracy sustainable peace is not possible in FATA. FATA is one of the most undeveloped areas where 60% population lives in poor conditions with only 17% literacy rate (Ahmar, 2008). FATA is a male dominated society with high rate of poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. The main factors leading to terrorism in FATA are lack of economic opportunities, unequal access to avenues for social and economic mobilization, Corruption, defective education system, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, easy access to firearms, bad governance, volatile geopolitical situation, marginalization of the rural areas, and non-availability of justice (Ali, 2010). All madrassas are not spreading extremism and terrorism but some madrassa have been reported recruiting students for terrorism(KEMP, 2008)
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