Ilheus arbovirus in wild birds (Sporophila caerulescens and Molothrus bonariensis)

Abstract

To report the first Ilheus arboviruses isolated from wild birds and analyze its public health impact. Wild birds and mammals were captured using mist nets and Tomahawk traps, respectively. Blood samples were drawn from these animals and inoculated intracerebrally in Swiss suckling mice found in the Parque Ecológico do Tietê, Brazil. The isolates were identified by serological tests, such as hemagglutination, hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation and neutralization. Besides virus isolation, serum samples were also tested for the presence of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. Two strains of Ilheus virus were isolated from the bird species Sporophila caerulescens and Molothrus bonariensis. Specific antibodies to Ilheus virus were detected in serum samples of some birds (Columbina talpacoti, Geopelia cuneata, Sicalis flaveola and Molothrus bonariensis), marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata) and coati (Nasua nasua). Virus isolation and detection of specific antibodies in serum samples of local, migratory and captive birds, captive marmosets and wild coati corroborate the circulation of Ilheus virus in the Parque Ecológico do Tietê. The migrating behavior of some species of wild birds, like Sporophila caerulescens, enables the virus spread to other regions. Taking into consideration its human pathogenicity and the presence of the virus in this area, local authorities should be aware of the risk of infecting the local community.