Abstract

The role of IgG4 as well as the other subclasses of human IgG in allergic disease is not clear. Human IgG subclasses have been reported to be involved in various immune diseases. The immune response (cellular and humoral) appears to depend on the nature of the antigen, the amount of exposure as well as genetic factors. This article describes IgG4 and the immune system, first by comparing immunoglobulin structure, physicochemical, biologic properties as well as genetic markers of the four classes of human IgG immunoglobulins. The next portion of this article describes the influence of humoral and cellular immunologic factors that lead to the production of the four classes of IgG immunoglobulins. The relationship between antibody levels and various immune diseases is also described. The last portion of this article deals with the role of IgG4 in two aspects of allergic disease, namely (1) the immunopharmacologic response of basophils and mast cells and IgG4 antibodies and (2) biosynthesis of IgG4 in relation to IgE synthesis. The role(s) of IgG4 antibodies as skin-sensitizing or protective in allergic disease is described with regard to both aspects of allergic disease.

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