Abstract
Newcastle disease caused by ND virus (NDV) is a highly contagious disease of birds. Vaccine for effective protection of poultry animals from NDV infection is urgently needed. Mucosal immunity plays a very important role in the antiviral immune response. In this study, a NDV F gene-containing DNA vaccine encapsulated in Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles (pFDNA-Ag@SiO2-NPs) with an average diameter of 500 nm were prepared to assess the mucosal immune response. These nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity and did not destroy the bioactivity of plasmid DNA, which could be expressed in vitro. The plasmid DNA was sustainably released after an initial burst release. In vivo immunization showed that the intranasal immunization of chickens with pFDNA-Ag@SiO2-NPs induced high titers of serum antibody, significantly promoted lymphocyte proliferation and induced higher expression levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles could serve as an efficient and safe delivery carrier for NDV DNA vaccine to induce mucosal immunity. This study has provided promising results for the further development of mucosal vaccines encapsulated in inorganic nanoparticles.
Highlights
Newcastle disease caused by ND virus (NDV) is a highly contagious disease of birds
We demonstrated that these Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles possessed the properties of uniform structure, lower cytotoxicity, higher stability, full protection of the loaded plasmid DNA and controllable synthesis as compared with those of polymeric nanoparticles prepared in our previous study[38,39]
The Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles prepared in this study were used as the delivery carrier of NDV DNA vaccine with plasmid DNA containing the F gene designated as pFDNA-Ag@SiO2-NPs
Summary
Newcastle disease caused by ND virus (NDV) is a highly contagious disease of birds. Vaccine for effective protection of poultry animals from NDV infection is urgently needed. A NDV F gene-containing DNA vaccine encapsulated in Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles (pFDNA-Ag@SiO2-NPs) with an average diameter of 500 nm were prepared to assess the mucosal immune response These nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity and did not destroy the bioactivity of plasmid DNA, which could be expressed in vitro. Sun et al reported that effective immunization of large animals required large amounts of DNA13, while reducing the DNA content was important because DNA-based vaccines can induce long-term both cellular and humoral immune responses in animals and humans[14,15] It was recently suggested several measures, including optimization of plasmid DNA, improvement of delivery methods and their specificity for targeting the APCs, and the use of immunologic adjuvant, could increase the efficacy of DNA vaccines[16,17]. Their characteristics as a delivery carrier for NDV DNA vaccine were studied and their abilities to induce immune responses and to protect specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens from being infected by NDV after intranasal administration were assessed
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