Abstract
Iflavirus increases its infectivity and physical stability in association with baculovirus
Highlights
Interactions between different viruses are often an inevitable consequence of multiple infection of a given host (Berenyi et al, 2006)
Gene expression comparison between S. exigua larvae derived from insects previously inoculated with Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) (VT), or virus-free larvae (VF), was performed using a custommade DNA-microarray containing S. exigua unigene probes; about 3,000 probes covering the complete genomes of SeMNPV and Spodoptera exigua iflavirus 1 (SeIV1), and the predicted open reading frames (ORFs) from SeMNPV
To determine whether iflavirus association with baculovirus favors iflavirus infectivity, the ability to establish an infection in host insects was estimated using iflavirus inoculum alone or associated with SeMNPV occlusion body (OB)
Summary
Interactions between different viruses are often an inevitable consequence of multiple infection of a given host (Berenyi et al, 2006). Virus–virus interactions occur at one of three levels: (i) direct interactions of viral genes or products, (ii) environmental interactions due to alterations of the host environment as consequence of the infection, and (iii) immunological interactions that result from the interaction with the host immune system (DaPalma et al, 2010). Virus–virus interactions can have a positive effect on the fitness of both viruses (Rizzetto, 2009), or result in mutual exclusion (Syller, 2012). Non-autonomous viruses such as satellite viruses and virophages, occupy an intermediate position, as they depend on other viruses for replication and transmission, but both have negative effects on the production of their host viruses (Krupovic & Cvirkaite-Krupovic, 2011; Wodarz, 2013)
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