Abstract
The incidences of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) increase in number each year and account for about 2–3% of all malignant tumors. Many patients have metastasis by the time of diagnosis, and their prognosis is poor. Therefore, it is essential that new diagnostic and prognostic markers for kidney cancer are identified. In this study, we assessed the potential of IFI16 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for RCC. We analyzed the TCGA and UALCAN databases and found IFI16 to be highly expressed in ccRCC. In addition, high IFI16 levels positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis, tumor stage, and histopathological grade. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that IFI16 expression was related to the prognosis of patients, and high IFI16 expression indicated a worse overall survival (p = 5.1E–0.7). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a combination of IFI16 expression and histopathological grade improved predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.697; 95%CI: 0.628–0.765, P < 0.001). Finally, the relative levels of IFI16 in ACHN and Caki-1 cells were higher than that of HK-2 cells by western blotting analysis and RT-PCR. Functional tests showed that knocking down IFI16 expression inhibited migration and invasion in vitro. Therefore, IFI16 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of RCC patients.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urogenital system, accounting for 80–90% of malignant tumors of the kidney and 2–3% of systemic malignant tumors (Bhatt and Finelli, 2014)
From the UALCAN database, we found that the expression of Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients (n = 533) was significantly upregulated compared with expression in the adjacent tissues (n = 72) (Figure 1A)
We evaluated the relationship between expression levels of IFI16 and clinical-pathological parameters in ccRCC patients (Figures 1B–D): IFI16 was highly expressed in ccRCC patients with lymph node metastasis, higher tumor stages, and higher histopathological grades
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urogenital system, accounting for 80–90% of malignant tumors of the kidney and 2–3% of systemic malignant tumors (Bhatt and Finelli, 2014). The most common histological subtypes include clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. These three subtypes account for more than 90% of all RCCs, and among them, ccRCC accounts for the vast majority (Hsieh et al, 2017). According to previous estimates of the number of patients with ccRCC, the United States will have 73,750 new cases and 14,830 deaths by 2020 (Siegel et al, 2020). The surgical removal of tumors is an effective treatment for RCC patients.
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