Abstract
This study aims to improve the interoperability between the application domains of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) by linking and harmonizing core information concepts. Many studies have investigated the integration of application schemas and data instances according to the BIM model IFC and the GIS model CityGML. This study investigates integration between core abstract concepts from IFC and ISO/TC 211 standards for GIS—independent of specific application schemas. A pattern was developed for conversion from IFC EXPRESS schemas to Unified Modelling Language (UML) models according to ISO/TC 211 standards. Core concepts from the two application domains were linked in the UML model, and conversions to implementation schemas for the Geography Markup Language (GML) and EXPRESS were tested. The results showed that the IFC model could be described as an ISO/TC 211 compliant UML model and that abstract concepts from ISO/TC 211 standards could be linked to core IFC concepts. Implementation schemas for BIM and GIS formats could be derived from the UML model, enabling implementation in applications from both domains without conversion of concepts. Future work should include refined linking and harmonization of core abstract concepts from the two application domains.
Highlights
WCeondveevreslioopnedPaattpeartnteOrnveforvr iceownversion from Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) information models into a Unified Modelling Language (UML) model according to pWroefildesevaenldopruedlesadpefiatnteedrnbyfoIrSOco/TnCve2r1si1o:nThfreoUmMILFCprionfifloermdeafitinoend minoIdSeOls19in1t0o3,awUithMeLxtemnosdioenl s according to profiles and rules defined by ISO/TC 211: The UML profile defined in ISO 19103, with extensions defined in ISO 19109 and ISO 19136; the ISO 19109 General Feature Model (GFM); and modelling rules defined in defined in ISO 19109 and ISO 19136; the ISO 19109 GFM; and modelling rules defined in ISO 19103, ISO 19109, and ISO 19136
This study has investigated whether harmonized core UML concepts for information models in Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be a way forward for improved interoperability between the two application domains
We developed a conversion pattern from IFC EXPRESS schemas from the BIM application domain to UML models according to ISO/TC 211 standards from the GIS application domain
Summary
The application domains of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have existed and emerged in parallel for decades, with different scopes and distinct models of geospatial information. Stakeholders from the two application domains have developed domain-specific information models based on distinct conceptual modelling languages. In the GIS application domain, ISO Technical Committee 211 (ISO/TC 211) have defined concepts for modelling of geospatial information founded on a formalized use of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) [3,4,5] and Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) [6]. The ISO/TC 211 concepts are widely used in implementable information models in the GIS application domain, developed by stakeholders such as INSPIRE and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) [7]
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