IDGAN: Information-Driven Generative Adversarial Network of Coverless Image Steganography

Abstract

Traditional image steganography techniques complete the steganography process by embedding secret information into cover images, but steganalysis tools can easily detect detectable pixel changes that lead to the leakage of confidential information. The use of a generative adversarial network (GAN) makes it possible to embed information using a combination of information and noise in generating images to achieve steganography. However, this approach is usually accompanied by issues such as poor image quality and low steganography capacity. To address these challenges, we propose a steganography model based on a novel information-driven generative adversarial network (IDGAN), which fuses a GAN, attention mechanisms, and image interpolation techniques. We introduced an attention mechanism on top of the original GAN model to improve image accuracy. In the generation model, we replaced some transposed convolution operations with image interpolation for better quality of dense images. In contrast to traditional steganographic methods, the IDGAN generates images containing confidential information without using cover images and utilizes GANs for information embedding, thus having better anti-detection capability. Moreover, the IDGAN uses an attention mechanism to improve the image details and clarity and optimizes the steganography effect through an image interpolation algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the IDGAN achieves an accuracy of 99.4%, 95.4%, 93.2%, and 100% on the MNIST, Intel Image Classification, Flowers, and Face datasets, respectively, with an embedding rate of 0.17 bpp. The model effectively protects confidential information while maintaining high image quality.