Abstract
In the work identificaton of surface stresses in the exhaust pipe made of Cr-Ni steel shaped with hydroforming technology. Stresses were determined by the non-destructive x-ray method sin2 ψ. A complex state of tensile stresses with values in the range of 69÷240 MPa for circumferential stresses and 26÷290 MPa for longitudinal stresses was found on the surface of the pipe. The distribution of stresses on the circumference and length of the pipe was analyzed on the basis of coefficients of variation and wall thickness. A relationship was found between the value of surface stress and the wall thickness of the pipe. The highest stresses occurred in the areas of the pipe where the thickness of the wall was reduced the most. In the central part of the pipe, where the wall thickness reduction was the smallest, the stresses were also the smallest, but they were characterized by the highest dispersion of value. The distribution of surface stresses determined by diffractometric method was compared with the model of deformation of the pipe generated numerically
Highlights
For the production of exhaust systems in the automotive industry, ferritic steel sheets covered with aluminium alloy protective coatings are most often used presently
The present paper reports the results of stress measurements in an exhaust system pipe made by bending technology and hydroforming technology, respectively
A complex tensile stress state has been found on the outer surface of a chromium-nickel steel exhaust system pipe formed by hydroforming technology
Summary
For the production of exhaust systems in the automotive industry, ferritic steel sheets covered with aluminium alloy protective coatings are most often used presently. It has been increasingly preferred to use austenitic steels in the production of exhaust systems [3, 4]. These steels have an extremely favourable combination of chemical properties and plastic forming capabilities [4, 6, 17]. 95% of the production of austenitic stainless steels are plastically shaped products, of which almost 10% are used in the automotive industry [6, 8]. The good plastic deformability of austenitic steels compensates for both their higher price, as well as the use of costly technologies, such as hydroforming
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