Abstract
This research was conducted with the goal of clarifying the required conditions of water-saving showerheads. In order to this, the research analyzes the mutual relationship between water usage flow, the level of satisfaction and the physical properties of spray of showerheads. The physical properties of spray were measured using physical properties test apparatus of standard or scheme for water-saving showerheads issued in several water-saving countries, and satisfaction evaluation data was acquired through bathing experiments. The evaluated showerheads were separated into three groups according to usage water flow and the level of satisfaction. The relationships between usage water flow, the level of satisfaction and physical properties were compared. The results identified that Spray Force and Spray Force-per-Hole were physical properties that influence usage water flow. Spray force-per-hole, water volume ratio in Spray Patterns within φ 100 and φ 150, Temperature Drop and Spray Angle were identified as physical properties that influenced the level of satisfaction. The level of satisfaction and usage water flow has a spurious correlation through the physical properties of Spray Force-per-Hole and Temperature Drop. It is possible to improve the level of satisfaction independent of amount of water usage through designs that set an appropriate value for water volume ratio and Spray Angle for Spray Patterns within φ 100 and φ 150.
Highlights
In recent years, the shortage of water resources due to climate change and the concentrating of populations in urban areas has become a serious global issue, requiring water-saving measures on a global scale
This study proposes methods to analyze the relationship between user satisfaction and usage water flow, and the physical properties of spray of showerhead, as well as discuss their mutual relationships
The physical properties of spray were measured using physical properties test apparatus of standard for water-saving showerheads issued in several water-saving countries and satisfaction evaluation data was acquired through bathing experiments
Summary
The shortage of water resources due to climate change and the concentrating of populations in urban areas has become a serious global issue, requiring water-saving measures on a global scale. Using water consumes energy required to transport and purify water, as well as for sewage treatment. This consumption of energy results in the emission of CO2. The use of water-saving showers, which are expected to reduce the amount of water used daily, is thought to preserve water resources, and effective in reducing the volume of CO2 emissions. Water-saving showerheads that can be satisfied of shower feeling are required in order to promote the efficient use of water through the popularization of water-saving showerheads. It is note that the satisfaction of shower feeling is virtually dependent on usage water flow [3]. There is a trend where as usage water flow decreases, satisfaction decreases, making the combination of satisfaction and water-saving difficult
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