Identifying the appropriate governance model for green port management: Applying Analytic Network Process and Best-Worst methods to ports in the Indian Ocean Rim

Ziaul Haque Munim,Henrik Sornn-Friese,Mariia Dushenko

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122156

Ziaul Haque Munim, Henrik Sornn-Friese + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122156

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Abstract

This study investigates the appropriate port governance model for implementation of green port management (GPM) practices. Relying on social systems engineering principles, we propose a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework considering four port governance models and five major GPM practice indicators. We validate the MCDM framework using survey data collected from top management executives of three ports in the Indian Ocean Rim — Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Tanzania. We compare the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method with more recently developed Best-Worst Method (BWM) in analysis of the MCDM problem of finding the right port governance model for GPM. We collect data using the ANP and BWM survey in January 2019 and August 2019, respectively, from the same respondents. While participating in the study in January 2019, the respondents did not know that they would respond to the same MCDM problem using a different model, which corresponds to a repeated measures experimental design. In both analyses, we find that increasing privatization in port governance would enhance the implementation of GPM practices. Our study furthermore suggests that BWM is a reliable MCDM method with greater applicability than ANP, as it requires significantly lower number of judgement comparisons.

Highlights

Ports play a significant role in fostering economic growth, in developing as well as developed countries (Munim and Schramm, 2018)
With the growing environmental concern of port stakeholders, it has become an important question to address d which port governance model is the most viable to green port management (GPM)? To address this question, relying on social systems engineering (SSE) principles, we developed a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework using the four port governance models depicted in Table 1 as alternatives and five GPM practice indicators as criteria
3.3 and 3.4, we present the steps in Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Best-Worst Method (BWM) modelling, while in section 3.2, we provide an overview of the respondents surveyed

Summary

Introduction

Ports play a significant role in fostering economic growth, in developing as well as developed countries (Munim and Schramm, 2018). The role of modern ports extends beyond cargo handling to facilitate agility and flexibility in global supply chains (Paixao and Bernard Marlow, 2003; Panayides, 2006), while balancing the triple bottom lines of port operation, that is, economic, environmental and social performance (Dushenko et al, 2019). This is evident in the conceptual characterization of port development stages (generations), where the role of ports is seen to have evolved over time to become increasingly oriented towards addressing environmental impacts, even beyond compliance (Lee and Lam, 2015). While ports are indispensable for the economy of a country, they do have adverse environmental impacts, as recognized with the charter to implement the United Nation’s 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) that members of the World Port’s Sustainability Program (previously known as the World Port’s Climate Initiative) have recently signed, committing them to action programs in future-proofing infrastructure, climate and energy, social integration, safety and security, and ethical policy

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