Identifying influential climatic factors for urban risk studies in rapidly urbanizing Region

Abstract

Severe weather events, such as heat waves, floods, pollution, and health threats, are becoming more common in metropolitan places across the world. Overcrowding, poor infrastructure, and fast, unsustainable urbanization are some of the problems that India faces, and the country is also susceptible to natural disasters. This research analyzes climatic variables affecting urban hazards in Bangalore (also known as Bengaluru) via a thorough review. Heat waves, urban floods, heat islands, and drought were identified in 156 qualifying publications using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. Contributing variables were also considered. City development and urbanization were key to changing climate and increasing urban dangers. While long-term climatic variable distribution is uneven, warming is evident. The report promotes strong urban planning techniques, comprehensive policies, more green areas, and sustainable development beyond short-term heat response programs to boost urban climate resilience. This study shows how climate, land use, and urban dangers are interconnected. Future studies may benefit by categorizing urban risk studies and identifying climatic factors.