Abstract
In this paper, a methodology based on characteristic spectral bands of near infrared spectroscopy (1000–2500[Formula: see text]nm) and multivariate analysis was proposed to identify camellia oil adulteration with vegetable oils. Sunflower, peanut and corn oils were selected to conduct the test. Pure camellia oil and that adulterated with varying concentrations (1–10% with the gradient of 1%, 10–40% with the gradient of 5%, 40–100% with the gradient of 10%) of each type of the three vegetable oils were prepared, respectively. For each type of adulterated oil, full-spectrum partial least squares partial least squares (PLS) models and synergy interval partial least squares (SI-PLS) models were developed. Parameters of these models were optimized simultaneously by cross-validation. The SI-PLS models were proved to be better than the full-spectrum PLS models. In SI-PLS models, the correlation coefficients of predition set (Rp) were 0.9992, 0.9998 and 0.9999 for adulteration with sunflower oil, peanut oil and corn oil seperately; the corresponding root mean square errors of prediction set (RMSEP) were 1.23, 0.66 and 0.37. Furthermore, a new generic PLS model was built based on the characteristic spectral regions selected from the intervals of the three SI-PLS models to identify the oil adulterants, regardless of the adultrated oil types. The model achieved with Rp[Formula: see text] 0.9988 and RMSEP [Formula: see text] 1.52. These results indicated that the characteristic near infrared spectral regions could determine the level of adulteration in the camellia oil.
Highlights
Camellia oil is extracted from the seed of camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel) which is one of the four major woody oil plants in the world.[1]
The results showed that this technology could be able to classify camellia oil, soybean oil, maize oil, and adulterated oil with discriminant equations patterntechniques at 95% condence level
The fullspectrum Partial least square regression (PLS) models and Synergy interval PLS (SI-PLS) models were built for each type of adulterated oil respectively
Summary
Camellia oil is extracted from the seed of camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel) which is one of the four major woody oil plants in the world.[1] The oil was mainly produced in southern China and southeast Asia. Camellia oil is titled as \eastern olive oil", with the similarity to olive oil in physicochemical properties and acid proles.[2] According to some reports, camellia oil could help to meliorate gastric mucosal injury, lower blood pressure and prevent heart disease.[3,4] As a result of the higher nutritional and medical values, the demand for camellia oil is increasing and it is generally 3–5 times more expensive than other edible oil in China.[5] adulterating them with other cheaper oils could be very lucrative. The camellia oil annual yield in China is approximately 300,000 tons and increasing.[7] monitoring the authenticity will help to standardize market order and protect consumers' rights
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