Abstract
Abstract Carrageenan-induced inflammation, though extensively used as a model of local inflammation, has not been fully characterized on the genomic and proteomic level. The goal of this study was to develop an in vitro carrageenan model of local inflammation for use in studies of novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug efficacy. We evaluated lambda carrageenan (l-CGN) in vitro and its capacity to affect previously identified inflammatory biomarkers in swine, using swine whole blood cultures. Blood was collected from 9 male Yorkshire barrows, cultured in vitro. The blood was divided into two groups (stimulated and unstimulated) per each time point. Unstimulated blood was used as control to compare samples treated with l-CGN. Blood was then separated into two fractions, serum collection for ELISA analysis and white blood cells for RNA extraction per time point. We found that l-CGN increased the production MCP-1 in vitro, both on the proteomics level and the genomic level. Conversely, TNF-a and IL-6 demonstrated a decreased or no change in cytokine production when measured via ELISA. Phosphokinase-3, Thrombospondin-1 and Alveolar Macrophage Chemotactic -II showed increased gene expression when normalized to GAPDH. These results also demonstrate that carrageenan initiates an inflammatory response that differs from a typical endotoxin effect, such as LPS stimulation in terms of the pathways and gene products altered.
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