Abstract
The case for a four-dimensional graviton mass (non-zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis on whether five-dimensional geometries as given below give us new physical insights as to cosmological evolution. A comparison with the quantum gas hypothesis of Glinka shows how stochastic GW/gravitons may emerge in vacuum-nucleated space, with emphasis on comparing their number in phase space with different strain values. The final question is, can DM/DE be explained by a Kaluza Klein particle construction? i.e., the author presents a Kaluza Klein particle representation of a graviton mass with the first term to the right equal to a DM contribution and with the 2nd term to the right being effective DE. We propose obtaining the rate of production of relic universe Kaluza Klein gravitons, based on an analogy to the production of axions from the Sun over a wide range of frequencies. This last statement is a work in progress being developed by the author, which is being discussed with colleagues of the author in Chongqing University.
Highlights
The idea behind this article has been to investigate how a speed up of cosmological expansion could occur, i.e. involving the de celeration parameter as defined below [1] is a way to look for a mechanism to explain how a speed up of expansion is possible
We propose obtaining the rate of production of relic universe Kaluza Klein gravitons, based on an analogy to the production of axions from the Sun over a wide range of frequencies
What is done is to have the mass of the graviton equal to a dark matter expression plus a contributing factor dark energy contribution
Summary
The idea behind this article has been to investigate how a speed up of cosmological expansion could occur, i.e. involving the de celeration parameter as defined below [1] is a way to look for a mechanism to explain how a speed up of expansion is possible. We assume here that Stotal ~ 1058 may be associated with gravitons/GW at the very end of inflation, and not the beginning (where one would have a far lower initial count, i.e., S ~ 107) and with frequencies initially on the order of 108 to 1010 in the beginning of cosmological evolution Such a huge burst of graviton production for temperatures on the order of T ~ 174 MeV would lead to measurable consequences. Rubakov [10] (2002) uses J1, J2 , N1, N2 which are different forms of Bessel functions His representation of a graviton state is given by Equation (8), which is almost completely acceptable for our problem, since the rest mass of a graviton in four dimensions is so small.
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