Identification of Typologies of Cocaine Use Based on Quantity, Frequency, and Duration of Use: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Abstract

We identified the patterns of cocaine use during individuals' heaviest use period by considering quantity, frequency, and duration simultaneously and examined the correlates and risk profile for these patterns. Latent profile analysis was conducted among the 3117 individuals who reported lifetime use of cocaine in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) with quantity, frequency, and duration used as indicators. Logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with subtype membership based on patterns of cocaine use and the relationships between these patterns and cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and its severity. Four patterns were identified: a "low use" class (72.6%), a "moderate use" class (8.2%), a "daily use" class (17.9%), and a "very high quantity use" class (1.3%). Relative to non-Hispanic White and the "low use" class, non-Hispanic Black was associated with increased odds to be in the "moderate use" and "daily use" classes. Higher prevalence of smoking crack cocaine and poly-route use was observed among the "very high quantity use" class relative to other classes; increased risk of using other substances was associated with the "daily use" class. Higher levels of cocaine use were associated with higher risks of CocUD and worse severity compared to the "low use" class. People who use cocaine are heterogeneous with different patterns of use and risks of CocUD. Reducing cocaine smoking and poly-route of use should be placed as the same priority as decreasing very high quantity of use in interventions.