Identification of Social and Occupational Risk Factors Associated with CKDu (Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology) Patients Living in an Agricultural Community in Kebithigollewa, Sri Lanka

Lowe C,Kumarasinghe N

doi:10.16966/2380-5498.217

Abstract

Aim: To identify the social and occupational risk factors associated with CKDu (Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology) patients living in an agricultural community in Kebithigollewa, Sri Lanka.

Highlights

In the 1990s an unknown form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was found in North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka
Individuals suffering from the disease showed no signs of discomfort or early indicators of having a chronic kidney disease, it was known as chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu)
Unlike CKD, CKDu has no early indicators for the disease progression, CKD is recognized to be the result of long-term/ chronic diseases which includes hypertension, diabetic mellitus, vascular diseases, obstructive uropathy, tubulointerstitial diseases and primary or secondary glomerular diseases, or it can be due to a congenital disease like polycystic kidney disease

Summary

Introduction

In the 1990s an unknown form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was found in North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka. The disease has been prevalent among the paddy farmers of NCP and is beginning to spread to other districts of the country as well. It has become a major health problem in Sri Lanka affecting mostly the rural, socioeconomically poor agricultural communities of NCP. Unlike CKD, CKDu has no early indicators for the disease progression, CKD is recognized to be the result of long-term/ chronic diseases which includes hypertension, diabetic mellitus, vascular diseases, obstructive uropathy, tubulointerstitial diseases and primary or secondary glomerular diseases, or it can be due to a congenital disease like polycystic kidney disease. With the use of KDOQI (National Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative) criteria CKD has been staged into 5 grades depending on the disease severity as: Stage 1- if the renal damage is with a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) normal or increased (>90 mL/min/1.73m2), Stage 2- if GFR mildly reduced (60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2), Stage 3- if GFR moderately reduced (30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), Stage 4- if GFR severely reduced (15-29 mL/ min/1.73 m2) and Stage 5- Kidney failure with GFR

Objectives

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Discussion

Conclusion