Identification of pirinixic acid derivatives bearing a 2-aminothiazole moiety combines dual PPARα/γ activation and dual 5-LO/mPGES-1 inhibition

Abstract

The concept of dual PPARα/γ activation was originally proposed as a new approach for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. However, recent results indicated that PPARα as well as PPARγ activation might also be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. We have recently identified aminothiazole-featured pirinixic acids as dual 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitors. Here we present the structure–activity relationship of these aminothiazole-featured pirinixic acids as dual PPARα/γ agonists and discuss their advantages with their potential as dual 5-LO/mPGES-1 inhibitors in inflammatory and cancer diseases. Various pirinixic acid derivatives had already been identified as dual PPARα/γ agonists. However, within this series of aminothiazole-featured pirinixic acids we were able to identify the most potent selective PPARγ agonistic pirinixic acid derivative (compound 13, (2-[(4-chloro-6-{[4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]octanoic acid)). Therefore, docking of 13 on PPARγ was performed to determine the potential binding mode.