Identification of Patients With Childhood Moyamoya Diseases Showing Temporary Hypertension After Anesthesia by Preoperative Multifractal Hurst Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

Abstract

This study was performed to determine whether the preoperative multifractal Hurst analysis of heart rate variability might identify and characterize childhood patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) who showed temporary postoperative hypertension. We studied 59 childhood patients with MMD. Thirty were classified as hypertensive group when the mean arterial pressure in the postoperative recovery room was 120% or greater than that during the preoperative period and 29 were classified as normotensive group. The 2 groups were compared with respect to preoperative indices of heart rate variability including frequency-domain measures, approximate entropy, and very short-term multifractal Hurst exponents of RR intervals (RRI). Using preoperative indices that showed significant differences, discriminant analysis was performed to identify postoperative hypertensive patients. Only exponents of the order > or =3 (H3alpha, H4alpha, and H5alpha) were significantly lower in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group. Frequency-domain measures, approximate entropy, and the exponents of the order < or =2 were not significantly different in the 2 groups. Discriminant analysis using all of the three exponents correctly identified 27/30 (90%) of the postoperative hypertensive patients. Preoperative very short-term multifractal Hurst analysis of RRI variability identified 90% of childhood MMD patients who developed postoperative hypertension. The preoperative characteristic of RRI variability was the reduced smoothness at the 8-second-long, local RRI regions within which a very large change of RRI occurs.