Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant neoplasm worldwide. It is important to identify new biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. In this study, magnetic beads and the Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) platform were used to analyse CRC and healthy control (HC) serum samples. The CRC diagnosis pattern was established to have a specificity of 94.7% and sensitivity of 92.3% in a blind test. The candidate biomarker serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4, also known as MST1) was identified by Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and verified with western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated that there was a higher concentration of MST1 in HC subjects than stage I CRC patients for the early detection of CRC and a lower concentration in stage IV patients than in other CRC patients. The sensitivity and specificity of MST1 combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and faecal occult blood test (FOBT) in diagnosis of colorectal cancer were 92.3% and 100%, respectively. Additionally, low MST1 expression was associated with the poor prognosis. These results illustrate that MST1 is a potential biomarker for early detection, prognosis and prediction of distant metastasis of CRC.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and it is associated with the second highest malignancy mortality worldwide
Changes in the 10 markers were evaluated in CRC and healthy control (HC) samples
Markers 1781 Da, 1868 Da and 1694 Da were expressed at higher levels in the CRC than in the HC samples
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and it is associated with the second highest malignancy mortality worldwide. There has been great progress in diagnosis and therapy, the therapeutic effectiveness requires improvement, and the five-year survival rate is only approximately fifty percent[3]. The prognosis of CRC at an early stage is much better, and its five-year survival rate can reach ninety to one hundred percent[4,5]. Effective detection of early CRC patients is difficult because they rarely experience uncomfortable symptoms. If the CRC could be detected in early stages, the overall treatment effectiveness and the overall survival rate would be improved[6]. Colonoscopy can significantly improve the diagnosis of CRC. This diagnostic method has its shortcomings, such as cost, risk, and inconvenience[10]. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is www.nature.com/scientificreports/
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