Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the bioactive compounds of Coriandrum sativum responsible for the treatment of hypertension and to explore their mechanism of action as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Bioactive fractions like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and tannins were extracted and evaluated for their ACE inhibition potential. Among them, only flavonoid-rich fraction showed high ACE inhibition potential with IC50 value of 28.91 ± 13.42 μg/mL. The flavonoids were characterized through LC-ESI-MS/MS. Seventeen flavonoids were identified in this fraction of Coriandrum sativum in negative ionization mode which includes pinocembrin, apigenin, pseudobaptigenin, galangin-5-methyl ether, quercetin, baicalein trimethyl ether, kaempferol dimethyl ether, pinobanksin-5-methylether-3-O-acetate, pinobanksin-3-O-pentenoate, pinobanksin-3-O-phenylpropionate, pinobanksin-3-O-pentanoate, apigenin-7-O-glucuronoide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, apigenin-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and quercetin dimethyl ether-3-O-rutinoside, while six flavonoids including daidzein, luteolin, pectolinarigenin, apigenin-C-glucoside, kaempferol-3-7-dimethyl ether-3-O-glucoside, and apigenin-7-O-(6-methyl-beta-D-glucoside) were identified in positive ionization mode. The results of this study revealed that Coriandrum sativum is a valuable functional food that possesses a number of therapeutic flavonoids with ACE inhibition potential that can manage blood pressure very efficiently.
Highlights
Hypertension is a dominant risk factor for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, stroke, renal diseases, and diabetes
The results revealed that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition potential of flavonoid fractions was increased with the increase of its concentration
Four secondary metabolites including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids were fractionated from Coriandrum sativum and evaluated for ACE inhibition potential to find out the actual bioactive compounds responsible for ACE inhibition
Summary
Hypertension is a dominant risk factor for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, stroke, renal diseases, and diabetes. The health facilities for the management of hypertension is more alarming in the middle and low income countries as more than 80% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases occur in these countries [1]. The prevalence of hypertension in Pakistan is very high and is considered as a top alarming physiological disorder in the community [2]. Not to speak of Pakistan, hypertension has become a health menace all over the world. Owing to the high prevalence and increased mortality and morbidity due to hypertension and associated complications, there is a dire need to explore the alternatives including food components for the management of this health menace
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