Abstract
BackgroundLiver cancer is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer death worldwide. The objective was to elucidate novel hub genes which were benefit for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy in liver cancer via integrated analysis.MethodsGSE84402, GSE101685, and GSE112791 were filtered from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using the GEO2R. The GO and KEGG pathway of DEGs were analyzed in the DAVID. PPI and TF network of the DEGs were constructed by using the STRING, TRANSFAC, and Harmonizome. The relationship between hub genes and prognoses in liver cancer was analyzed in UALCAN based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The diagnostic value of hub genes was evaluated by ROC. The relationship between hub genes and tumor-infiltrate lymphocytes was analyzed in TIMER. The protein levels of hub genes were verified in HPA. The interaction between the hub genes and the drug were identified in DGIdb.ResultsIn total, 108 upregulated and 60 downregulated DEGs were enriched in 148 GO terms and 20 KEGG pathways. The mRNA levels and protein levels of CDK1, HMMR, PTTG1, and TTK were higher in liver cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, which showed excellent diagnostic and prognostic value. CDK1, HMMR, PTTG1, and TTK were positively correlated with tumor-infiltrate lymphocytes, which might involve tumor immune response. The CDK1, HMMR, and TTK had close interaction with anticancer agents.ConclusionsThe CDK1, HMMR, PTTG1, and TTK were hub genes in liver cancer; hence, they might be potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy of liver cancer.
Highlights
In the most common malignant tumor, liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer death worldwide, especially in China [1]
(2) We revealed the interrelationship between the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 (PTTG1), threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK), and immune infiltration
(3) CDK1, HMMR, PTTG1, and TTK could be identified as the novel biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis in liver cancer
Summary
In the most common malignant tumor, liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer death worldwide, especially in China [1]. Liver cancer includes two histological types of malignant tumors: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) [2]. Liver cancer is mainly caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) [4]. The latest sequence studies have revealed that the special non-coding RNA, such as lncRNA NEAT1, lncRNA FLJ33360, lncRNA FOXD3-AS1, and lncRNA LEF1-AS1 are associated with liver cancer [10,11,12,13]. Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer death worldwide. The objective was to elucidate novel hub genes which were benefit for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy in liver cancer via integrated analysis
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