Abstract
Histone methylation plays a crucial role in various biological processes, from heterochromatin formation to transcriptional regulation. Currently, no information is available regarding histone methylation modifiers in the important rubber-producing plant Hevea brasiliensis. Here, we identified 47 histone methyltransferase (HMT) genes and 25 histone demethylase (HDM) genes as possible members of the histone methylation modifiers in the rubber tree genome. According to the structural features of HMT and HDM, the HbHMTs were classified into two groups (HbPRMs and HbSDGs), the HbHDMs have two groups (HbLSDs and HbJMJs). Expression patterns were analyzed in five different tissues and at different phases of somatic embryogenesis. HbSDG10, 21, 25, 33, HbJMJ2, 18, 20 were with high expression at different phases of somatic embryogenesis. HbSDG10,14, 20, 21, 33 and HbPRMT4 were expressed highly in anther, HbSDG14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 33, 35 and HbPRMT1 HbJMJ7 and HbLSD1, 2, 3, 4 showed high expression levels in callus. HbSDG1, 7, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 35, HbPRMT1, 8, HbJMJ5, 7, 11, 16, 20 and HbLSD2, 3, 4 were expressed highly in somatic embryo. HbSDG10, 21, 25, 33, HbLSD2, 3 were expressed highly in bud of regenerated plant. The analyses reveal that HbHMTs and HbHDMs exhibit different expression patterns at different phases during somatic embryogenesis, implying that some HbHMTs and HbHDMs play important roles during somatic embryogenesis. This study provide fundamental information for further studies on histone methylation in Hevea brasiliensis.
Highlights
Histone methylation plays an essential role in maintaining genome stability and is involved in regulating multiple cellular processes (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001; Kouzarides, 2002; Liu et al, 2010)
Histone modification is dynamically regulated during somatic embryogenesis (Pfluger and Wagner, 2007; Eichten et al, 2014; De-la-Peña et al, 2015)
The dynamic activity in the modification of histones leads to the modulation of gene expression involved in somatic embryogenesis (Nic-Can et al, 2013)
Summary
Histone methylation plays an essential role in maintaining genome stability and is involved in regulating multiple cellular processes (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001; Kouzarides, 2002; Liu et al, 2010). The level of histone methylation is dynamically regulated by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs), respectively (Klose and Zhang, 2007; Liu et al, 2010). HKMTs, known as SET-domain group (SDG-like types), and PRMTs have highly conserved SET and PRMT domains involved in methyltransferase catalytic activity (Ng et al, 2007; Liu et al, 2010; Ahmad and Cao, 2012). In contrast with HMTs, HDMs remove the methyl groups from methylated lysine or arginine residues of his-
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