Identification of Heterotic Groups and Patterns Based on Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics Among Rice Accessions of Diverse Origins.

Izhar Hussain,Feng Wang,Chongyun Fu,Dilin Liu,Wuge Liu,Muhammad Awais,Sajid Ali,Jinhua Li,Manshan Zhu,Yilong Liao

doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.811124

Abstract

Identification of the right parental combinations to maximize heterosis is the major goal of hybrid breeding, which could be achieved through identification of heterotic groups. The main objective of this study was to identify promising heterotic groups for future rice breeding programs. A collection of 359 rice genotypes of diverse origins of China and abroad, composed of inbreds, maintainers, restorers, and temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines were genotyped using 10K SNP chips. The SNP data set was subjected to genomic analyses for estimation of genetic divergence and diversity. Significant variations were observed in the germplasm with the identification of six different genetic groups. These lines were assigned to the genetic groups independent of their origin. Taking an account of commercially used heterotic groups present in each cluster, three cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and 14 inbred and restorer lines with moderate to high genetic distances selected from five heterotic patterns were crossed and obtained 42 F1 hybrids. A total of 14 hybrids were found with significant maximum mid- and better-parent heterosis, namely, TaifengA × Guang122, TaifengA × Wushansimiao, and TaifengA × Minghui63 for earliness; Guang8A × Huazhan for dwarf stature; and Guang8A × Huanghuzhan-1, TaifengA × Yuexiangzhan, Guang8A × Minhui3301, TianfengA × Guang122, Guang8A × Yahui2115, TianfengA × Huanghuazhan, TianfengA × Minghui63, TianfengA × Minhui3301, TaifengA × Gui99, and Guang8A × Yuenongsimiao for yield and yield-related traits. Mid-parent and better-parent heterotic F1 hybrids were in positive correlation with the genetic distances as that manifested by commercially used heterotic groups, encouraging the use of genotypic data for identification of heterotic groups. Our study provides an informative strategy for the development of early maturing, lodging resistant and high-yielding commercial hybrids and cultivars in future heterosis breeding programs.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for over half of the world’s population
Divergent groups were identified using discriminate analysis of principal components (DAPC) to represent potential diversity in the rice germplasm tested in this study
While considering the Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) values and principal component analysis grouping, six different genetic groups were considered the optimum within the rice germplasm (Figures 1B,C)

Summary

Introduction

The continuous increase in rice consumption due to population increase (Khush, 2013) necessitates for higher rice production, which could be potentially achieved through rice genetic improvement. The development of hybrid varieties with high yield potential and resistance against disease and responsiveness to climatic changes could fulfill the future rice demands. The most crucial element is identification of high-yielding heterotic patterns to achieve the maximum heterosis (Zhao et al, 2015). Genetic relationship between genotypes of various accessions serves as one of the basic criteria for the outyielding potential of these heterotic groups (Thomson et al, 2008). The identification of heterotic groups in different germplasm pools is important for hybrid breeding (Xie et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2014). Some studies have reported the otherwise, which necessitates to include the phenotypic evaluation along with molecular marker data to explore both phenotypic and molecular diversity

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion