Identification of Hazardous Glacial Lakes in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin Based on Lakes Changes Determined Using Google Earth Engine

Xiaodong Sun,Kaiji Li,Bo Cao,Xuanru Zhao,Baotian Pan,Weijin Guan

doi:10.3389/feart.2022.825482

Abstract

Glaciers have melted rapidly in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin due to recent climate change, which has accelerated the expansion of glacial lakes. We performed a systematic survey of glacial lakes in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin using the Google Earth Engine platform. This allowed us to map the distribution and monitor the evolution of glacial lakes over seven time periods from 1990 to 2020, using more than 140 Landsat Thematic Mapper and Operational Land Imager images at a 30-m resolution. The results show that there were 2088 glacial lakes in 2020, with a total area of 245.87 km2, mainly distributed at elevations of 3,800–5,800 m above sea level. From 1990 to 2020, the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin glacial lakes expanded by approximately 1.81 km2·a−1. A total of 153 glacial lakes in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin were assessed. The assessment shows that 153 glacial lakes were divided into very high, high, medium, low, and very low level. The number of glacial lakes in each level is 23, 22, 32, 32, and 44, respectively. The very high and high level glacial lakes were mainly found in the Yi’ong Zangbo River Basin, Parlung Zangbo River Basin, the western of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin and Nianchu River Basin. These glacial lakes deserve further attention and monitoring.

Highlights

Glacial lakes are natural water bodies where either the main recharge source is modern glacial melt water or water accumulated in a moraine dam depression (Qin et al, 2014; Yao et al, 2018)
4.1.1 Distribution Characteristics of Glacial Lakes In 2020, there were a total of 2088 developed glacial lakes in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB), with a total area of 245.87 km2
The results show that there was a total glacial lake area of 245.87 ± 27.24 km2 in the YZRB in 2020

Summary

Introduction

Glacial lakes are natural water bodies where either the main recharge source is modern glacial melt water or water accumulated in a moraine dam depression (Qin et al, 2014; Yao et al, 2018). The glacial lake are important globally and regionally (Wilson et al, 2018) as a considerable water resource (Haeberli et al, 2016). They have the potential for hydroelectric power generation (Terrier et al, 2015; Farinotti et al, 2019). The floods and debris flow from glacial lake outburst have the potential to threaten downstream communities and cause serious damage to valuable infrastructure, agricultural land, and property (Beniston et al, 1997; Carey et al, 2012; Sun et al, 2014; Clague and O’Connor, 2015; Haeberli et al, 2016; Wilson et al, 2018)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion