Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study aims to explore the role of smoking factors in the risk of lung cancer and screen the feature risk pathways of smoking-induced lung cancer.MethodsThe expression profiles of the patient data from GEO database were standardized, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by limma algorithm. Samples and genes were analyzed by Unsupervised hierarchical clustering method, while GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on DEGs. The data of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were downloaded from the BioGrid and HPRD databases, and the DEGs were mapped into the PPI network to identify the interaction relationship. The enriched significant pathways were used to calculate the anomaly score and RFE method was used to optimize the feature sets. The model was trained using the support vector machine (SVM) and the predicted results were plotted into ROC curves. The AUC value was calculated to evaluate the predictive performance of the SVM model.ResultsA total of 1923 DEGs were obtained, of which 826 were down-regulated and 1097 were up-regulated. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the diagnosis accuracy of lung cancer smokers was 74%, and that of non-lung cancer smokers was 75%. Five optimal feature pathway sets were obtained by screening, the clinical diagnostic ability of which was detected by SVM model with the accuracy improved to 84%. The diagnostic accuracy was 90% after combining clinical information.ConclusionWe verified that five signaling pathways combined with clinical information could be used as a feature risk pathway for identifying lung cancer smokers and non-lung cancer smokers and increased the diagnostic accuracy.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the respiratory system with high malignancy and extremely fast progression
Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the diagnosis accuracy of lung cancer smokers was 74%, and that of non-lung cancer smokers was 75%
We verified that five signaling pathways combined with clinical information could be used as a feature risk pathway for identifying lung cancer smokers and non-lung cancer smokers and increased the diagnostic accuracy
Summary
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the respiratory system with high malignancy and extremely fast progression. Numerous studies have shown that lung cancer has a higher incidence in male and is significantly associated with long-term smoking [2, 3]. Lung cancer often begins in the periphery of lung tissue without significant clinical features in early stage. It is accompanied by chronic cough, blood stasis, chest tightness and other symptoms. In this case, some early symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, upper back and chest pain are likely to be ignored, resulting in poor therapeutic effect
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