Abstract
Macroalgae‐associated bacteria have already proved to be an interesting source of compounds with therapeutic potential. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to characterize Asparagopsis armata‐associated bacteria community and evaluate their capacity to produce substances with antitumor and antimicrobial potential. Bacteria were selected according to their phenotype and isolated by the streak plate technique. The identification was carried out by the RNA ribosomal 16s gene amplification through PCR techniques. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against seven microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans) by following their growth through spectrophotometric readings. Antitumor activities were evaluated in vitro on human cell lines derived from hepatocellular (HepG‐2) and breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) using the MTT method. The present work identified a total of 21 bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio, Staphylococcus, Shewanella, Alteromonadaceae, Bacillus, Cobetia, and Photobacterium, with Vibrio being the most abundant (42.86%). The extract of Shewanella sp. ASP 26 bacterial strain induced the highest antimicrobial activity, namely against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with an IC 50 of 151.1 and 346.8 μg/mL, respectively. These bacteria (Shewanella sp.) were also the ones with highest antitumor potential, demonstrating antiproliferative activity on HepG‐2 cells. Asparagopsis armata‐associated bacteria revealed to be a potential source of compounds with antitumor and antibacterial activity.
Highlights
Many efforts are continuously being done for human's well‐being improvement, and life expectancy increase, some diseases continue to challenge medical sciences, such as infec‐ tious diseases due to microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and cancer, which still lacks efficient treatments (Bray et al, 2018; Zheng, Sun, & Simeonov, 2018)
Concerning the results, the high‐ est antimicrobial activities of bacteria extracts were verified against B. subtilis and S. aureus existing statistical differences compared to control (Figures 3 and 4)
Bacteria found associated with mac‐ roorganisms have been recognized to be an excellent source of bioactive compounds
Summary
Many efforts are continuously being done for human's well‐being improvement, and life expectancy increase, some diseases continue to challenge medical sciences, such as infec‐ tious diseases due to microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and cancer, which still lacks efficient treatments (Bray et al, 2018; Zheng, Sun, & Simeonov, 2018). It is known that many of the bioactive compounds previously attributed to some invertebrates such as seaweeds and sponges were produced or metabolized by their associated microorganisms (Goecke, Labes, Wiese, & Imhoff, 2012; Soria‐Mercado, Villarreal‐Gómez, Rivas, & Sánchez, 2012; Zheng, Han, Chen, Lin, & Yan, 2005) These compounds are nor‐ mally produced as response to environmental and ecological challenges and many have already shown potent biological activ‐ ities with high significance for biotechnological and pharmaceu‐ tical applications (Blunt, Copp, Keyzers, Munro, & Prinsep, 2012; Qiao et al, 2010). Phylogenetic tree image was produced using the Dendroscope software (Huson et al, 2007)
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