Abstract
BackgroundThe marine environment having vast resources of natural products with potential bioactivities. Among the marine natural products, fatty acids obtained from marine mollusks have broad range of biological activities including antimicrobial and antitumor activities. The present study aims to characterize the fatty acid derivatives from the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata and its pharmacological activities.MethodsS. glomerata fleshes were serially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and studied the antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus. Based on the better result, the ethyl acetate extract was selected and purified through silica column chromatography and screened the fractions for antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Also the best active fraction (FV) was functionally and structurally characterized.ResultsThe ethyl acetate extract of S. glomerata effectively controlled the bacterial pathogens and formed of more than 15 mm of zone of inhibition and also effectively suppressed the fungal growth and inhibit the shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The secondary screening results revealed that, the fraction (FV) had potential antimicrobial and antitumor activities. The FV concentration (100 μg/ml) effectively suppressed the tumor mammary epithelial carcinoma cell of 14.45%. The GC–MS analysis revealed that, eleven compounds including N-hexadecanoic acid, L-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and 6-Octadecenoic acid were characterized.ConclusionsThe fatty acid derivatives isolated and characterized from S. glomerata extracts had the potent antimicrobial and antitumor activities. This basic research can help to develop the antimicrobial and anticancer drugs from the nutraceuticals in future.
Highlights
Mollusks are widely distributed throughout the world and have many representatives such as slugs, whelks, clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, squids and octopods in the marine and estuarine ecosystem [1]
Primary antiviral screening The antiviral effect of the S. glomerata extract against White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) revealed that, the ethyl acetate extract effectively suppressed the growth/ pathological effect of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)
The WSSV injected shrimp in the control group succumbed to death within 6 days of post inoculation
Summary
Mollusks are widely distributed throughout the world and have many representatives such as slugs, whelks, clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, squids and octopods in the marine and estuarine ecosystem [1]. Filter-feeding bivalves like oysters are benthic organisms and are constantly exposed to relatively high concentrations of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi many of which may be harmful to the organism. The survival of these organisms might depend on efficient antimicrobial mechanisms to protect themselves against microbial infections. The marine environment is a huge source to discover bioactive natural products. The marine environment having vast resources of natural products with potential bioactivities. Among the marine natural products, fatty acids obtained from marine mollusks have broad range of biological activities including antimicrobial and antitumor activities. The present study aims to characterize the fatty acid derivatives from the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata and its pharmacological activities
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