Abstract
As an important wheat wild relative, the P genome of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28) is very valuable for wheat improvement. A complete set of wheat-A. cristatum disomic addition lines is the basis for studying the genetic behavior of alien homoeologous chromosomes and exploring and utilizing the excellent genes. In this study, a wheat-A. cristatum derivative II-11-1 was proven to contain a pair of 5P chromosomes and a pair of 2P chromosomes with 42 wheat chromosomes by analyzing the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and expressed sequence tag (EST) markers. Additionally, cytological identification and field investigation showed that the 5P chromosome can weaken the homologous pairing of wheat chromosomes and promote the pairing between homoeologous chromosomes. This provides new materials for studying the mechanism of the alien gene affecting the homologous chromosome pairing and promoting the homoeologous pairing of wheat. In addition, chromosomal structural variants have been identified in the progeny of II-11-1. Therefore, the novel 5P addition line might be used as an important genetic material to widen the genetic resources of wheat.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 42, AABBDD), as one of the most important food crops in the world, plays a significant role in ensuring food production and security
Wheat disomic addition lines contain a pair of alien chromosomes in the wheat background, which is an important tool and bridge material for transferring alien excellent genes
Most of the wheat wild relatives have been successfully hybridized with wheat, such as Aegilops (Gong et al, 2017; Du et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2019; Yi et al, 2019), Secale cereal L
Summary
The success of distant hybridization made it possible to transfer alien excellent genes to common wheat for creating new germplasms. Wheat disomic addition lines contain a pair of alien chromosomes in the wheat background, which is an important tool and bridge material for transferring alien excellent genes. They are favorable materials to identify the relationship between alien and wheat chromosomes, which could be used for gene mapping. A large number of disomic addition lines and substitution lines were identified, which were used to create translocation lines and introgression lines containing desirable genes. The cultivated variety Xiaoyan 6 was bred from the hybridization of wheat and Thinopyrum (Ma et al, 2018), and the crucial translocation lines T1RS·1BL and T6VS·6AL were from the hybridization of wheat and rye (Su et al, 2006) and H. villosa (Jiang et al, 2014; Gao et al, 2018), respectively
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