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Abstract
Bordetella hinzii is known to cause respiratory disease in poultry and has been associated with a variety of infections in immunocompromised humans. In addition, there are several reports of B. hinzii infections in laboratory-raised mice. Here we sequenced and analysed the complete genome sequences of multiple B. hinzii-like isolates, obtained from vendor-supplied C57BL/6 mice in animal research facilities on different continents, and we determined their taxonomic relationship to other Bordetella species. The whole-genome based and 16S rRNA gene based phylogenies each identified two separate clades in B. hinzii, one was composed of strains isolated from poultry, humans and a rabbit whereas the other clade was restricted to isolates from mice. Distinctly different estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values, average nucleotide identity scores, gene content, metabolic profiles and host specificity all provide compelling evidence for delineation of the two species, B. hinzii – from poultry, humans and rabbit – and Bordetella pseudohinzii sp. nov. type strain 8-296-03T (=NRRL B-59942T=NCTC 13808T) that infect mice.
Highlights
Bordetella species have historically been subdivided into the ‘classical’ bordetellae represented by the respiratory pathogens Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and six less extensively studied species (Goodnow, 1980; Mattoo & Cherry, 2005; Diavatopoulos et al, 2005)
Further studies reported isolation of B. hinzii-like organisms from a mouse that was imported from Australia to an animal research facility in Germany (Benga et al, 2014), from lungs of a mouse in the USA (Spilker et al, 2014) and from a mouse at an animal facility in Malaysia (Loong et al, 2016)
Oropharyngeal isolates from vendorsupplied C57BL/6 mice at a different animal facility in the USA tested positive for an organism initially identified as B. hinzii but revealed evidence that it might be distinct from this species in important ways (Ivanov et al, 2015)
Summary
Bordetella species have historically been subdivided into the ‘classical’ bordetellae represented by the respiratory pathogens Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and six less extensively studied species (Goodnow, 1980; Mattoo & Cherry, 2005; Diavatopoulos et al, 2005). Oropharyngeal isolates from vendorsupplied C57BL/6 mice at a different animal facility in the USA tested positive for an organism initially identified as B. hinzii but revealed evidence that it might be distinct from this species in important ways (Ivanov et al, 2015).
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