Abstract
An increasing number of novel mycoviruses have been described in fungi. Here, we report the molecular characteristics of a novel bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus from the fungus Trichoderma atroviride NFCF394. We designated this mycovirus as Trichoderma atroviride partitivirus 1 (TaPV1). Electron micrographs of negatively stained, purified viral particles showed an isometric structure approximately of 30 nm in diameter. The larger segment (dsRNA1) of the TaPV1 genome comprised 2023 bp and contained a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding 614 amino acid (AA) residues of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The smaller segment (dsRNA2) consisted of 2012 bp with a single ORF encoding 577 AA residues of capsid protein (CP). The phylogenetic analysis, based on deduced amino acid sequences of RdRp and CP, indicated that TaPV1 is a new member of the genus Alphapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae. Virus-cured isogenic strains did not show significant changes in colony morphology. In addition, no changes in the enzymatic activities of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were observed in virus-cured strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an Alphapartitivirus in T. atroviride.
Highlights
The genus Trichoderma is one of the core fungal genera, and ubiquitous strains are typically found in soil and root environments
The structure of the virus-like particles was visualized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) on an H-7650 instrument installed at the Center for University-Wide Research Facilities at Chonbuk National University (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) after negative staining with 2% uranyl acetate
Electron microscopy revealed that the isometric virus particles isolated from T. atroviride NFCF394 were isometric with a diameter of approximately 30 nm (Figure 1a), which is similar to the 25 to 40–50 nm diameter reported for members of the family Partitiviridae
Summary
The genus Trichoderma is one of the core fungal genera, and ubiquitous strains are typically found in soil and root environments. Trichoderma spp., including T. harzianum and T. atroviride, are known for their potential value as a biocontrol agent through both classical mycoparaticism and other augmentative biocontrol effects [6,7]. These fungi are known as the cause of green mold disease, which results in substantial losses in the yield of cultivated mushrooms. The presence of various mycoviruses in Trichoderma spp. has been suggested in studies reporting variable dsRNA mycovirus incidence [12]. We report the dsRNA of a novel mycovirus from Trichoderma atroviride
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