Abstract
Biodegradation of hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX) explosives in soil consider a promising mechanism for these excessive applied compounds. One of most sophisticated challenges to identified bacterial explosive degrading is understands enzymatic and metabolic fundamentals of RDX degradation. RDX-contaminated soils were collected from four explosives contaminated sites at Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia. 16S rRNA was amplified through specific bacterial genes, phylogenetic tree was constructed. Among thirty eight clones which successfully sequence, Proteobacterium, Burkholderia and Rhodococcus were the major dominant identified genera in four location libraries with dedicated activity for RDX biodegradation. XplA and XplB (RDX degrading genes) were amplified and detected as molecular marker for evaluating RDX biodegradation from each four location isolates. Furthermore, XplA and XplB genes expression comparisons of bacterial isolates from varied locations indicated superiority of bacterial isolates from first location for XplA and XplB genes expression level. Meanwhile, second, third and fourth bacterial isolates were arranged discerningly.
Highlights
The explosive hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX) is commonly applied to both military and industrial applications
RDX biodegradation mechanism may be understated in the light of comprising and fusing unusual cytochrome P450 system of flavodoxin domain to the N terminus of a cytochrome P450 (CYP177A1, XplA)
XplB system played a key role as RDX biodegradation through flavodoxin reduction which dedicated to RDX degradation in Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 11Y and catalyzes the reductive denotation of RDX, in final, under aerobic and anaerobic condition, RDX ring was cleavage [3]. 16S rRNA gene-based specific primers consider powerful genetic biomarkers tools that used as indicators for potential contaminant biodegradation
Summary
The explosive hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX) is commonly applied to both military and industrial applications. Regarding to previous findings, applied biomarkers targeting conserved regions of 16S rRNA gene to identify microbial organisms on taxonomic and phylogenetic levels are effective when biodegradation is dependent on a specific microbial strain and has been widely accepted as a sensitive and reliable technique to identify intestinal micro biota [4,5,6]. This investigation was carried out to achieve two main goals.
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