Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors in animals and humans, which transmit various signals from the extracellular environment into cells. Studies have reported that several GPCRs transmit the same signal; however, the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we identified all 122 classical GPCRs from the genome of Helicoverpa armigera, a lepidopteran pest species. Twenty-four GPCRs were identified as upregulated at the metamorphic stage by comparing the transcriptomes of the midgut at the metamorphic and feeding stages. Nine of them were confirmed to be upregulated at the metamorphic stage. RNA interference in larvae revealed the prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PRRPR), smoothened (SMO), adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (HTR) are involved in steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E)-promoted pupation. Frizzled 7 (FZD7) is involved in growth, while tachykinin-like peptides receptor 86C (TKR86C) had no effect on growth and pupation. Via these GPCRs, 20E regulated the expression of different genes, respectively, including Pten (encoding phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase), FoxO (encoding forkhead box O), BrZ7 (encoding broad isoform Z7), Kr-h1 (encoding Krüppel homolog 1), Wnt (encoding Wingless/Integrated) and cMyc, with hormone receptor 3 (HHR3) as their common regulating target. PRRPR was identified as a new 20E cell membrane receptor using a binding assay. These data suggested that 20E, via different GPCRs, regulates different gene expression to integrate growth and development.
Highlights
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are present widely in animals and humans (Hanlon and Andrew, 2015)
We searched for all GPCRs from the genome of H. armigera to identify classification of those GPCRs that are involved in 20E signaling
Having removed four GPCRs with large sequence differences, the sequences of 118 presumed GPCRs, named as they are in the genome, were used to create a phylogenetic tree
Summary
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are present widely in animals and humans (Hanlon and Andrew, 2015). There are more than 800 GPCRs encoded in the human genome (Fredriksson and Schioth, 2005), over 1,300 GPCRs in mice, 116 classical GPCRs, which can act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), in Drosophila (Hanlon and Andrew, 2015), and 276 in Anopheles gambiae (Hill et al, 2002). The importance of GPCRs in cellular signaling has GPCRs in 20E Signaling resulted in ∼34% of human drugs acting at GPCRs (Hauser et al, 2017). Nine GPCRs function for adrenaline and five for dopamine (Hauser et al, 2017); the mechanism is unclear
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
