Abstract
BackgroundOil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is an important vegetable oil-yielding plant. Somatic embryogenesis is a promising method to produce large-scale elite clones to meet the demand for palm oil. The epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications have emerged as critical factors during somatic embryogenesis. These histone modifications are associated with the regulation of various genes controlling somatic embryogenesis. To date, none of the information is available on the histone modification gene (HM) family in oil palm.ResultsWe reported the identification of 109 HM gene family members including 48 HMTs, 27 HDMs, 13 HATs, and 21 HDACs in the oil palm genome. Gene structural and motif analysis of EgHMs showed varied exon–intron organization and with conserved motifs among them. The identified 109 EgHMs were distributed unevenly across 16 chromosomes and displayed tandem duplication in oil palm genome. Furthermore, relative expression analysis showed the differential expressional pattern of 99 candidate EgHM genes at different stages (non-embryogenic, embryogenic, somatic embryo) of somatic embryogenesis process in oil palm, suggesting the EgHMs play vital roles in somatic embryogenesis. Our study laid a foundation to understand the regulatory roles of several EgHM genes during somatic embryogenesis.ConclusionsA total of 109 histone modification gene family members were identified in the oil palm genome via genome-wide analysis. The present study provides insightful information regarding HM gene’s structure, their distribution, duplication in oil palm genome, and also their evolutionary relationship with other HM gene family members in Arabidopsis and rice. Finally, our study provided an essential role of oil palm HM genes during somatic embryogenesis process.
Highlights
IntroductionSomatic embryogenesis is a promising method to produce large-scale elite clones to meet the demand for palm oil
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is an important vegetable oil-yielding plant
We identified a total of 109 histone modification gene (HM) gene family members (48 HMTs; 27 HDMs; 13 HATs, and 21 HDACs) in the oil palm genome via the bioinformatics approach
Summary
Somatic embryogenesis is a promising method to produce large-scale elite clones to meet the demand for palm oil. The epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications have emerged as critical factors during somatic embryogenesis. These histone modifications are associated with the regulation of various genes controlling somatic embryogenesis. None of the information is available on the histone modification gene (HM) family in oil palm. Various genome-wide studies revealed the occurrence of a varied number of HM gene family members in various plants including a total of 198 HMs in Malus domestica [8]; 125 HMs in Lycopersicum esculentum [17]; 136 HMs in Citrus sinensis [18]; 87 HMs in Litchi chinensis [9]. To date, none of the studies were published on genome-wide studies of HM gene family members in oil palm genome
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