Abstract
Although the intake of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.), an underutilized tropical legume, can potentially decrease the risk of several chronic diseases, not much effort has been directed at profiling the polyphenolics contained therein. Hence, this work aimed to identify and quantify the dominant jack bean polyphenolics, which are believed to have antioxidant and other bioactivities. Four major compounds were detected and identified as kaempferol glycosides with three or four glycoside units. Their structures were established based on UV-visible, 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analyses. Specifically, kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)- β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7-O-[3-O-o-anisoyl]-α-l-rhamnopyranoside was detected for the first time, while the other three compounds have already been described in plants other than jack bean. This new compound was found to have a higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity compared to acarbose.
Highlights
Diabetes is one of the diseases whose global patient prevalence has increased every year.Persons with diabetes are predicted to increase from 463 million in 2019 to 700 million in 2045, a 51% increase, mainly from increases in low and middle income countries [1]
The corresponding 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum (Table 1) of this compound assigned a flavanol based on the exhibited signals at 6.81 and 8.00 ppm corresponding to the four aromatic protons (AA’BB’) of B ring, and signals at 6.36 and 6.63 ppm corresponding to the two meta-aromatic protons of A ring
To enhance the added value and expand the application scope of jack bean, we focused on the isolation and identification of polyphenols contained in this legume
Summary
Diabetes is one of the diseases whose global patient prevalence has increased every year. Persons with diabetes are predicted to increase from 463 million in 2019 to 700 million in 2045, a 51% increase, mainly from increases in low and middle income countries [1]. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority (around 90%) of diabetes worldwide. This disease refers to the insufficient of insulin uptake of glucose in blood, causing a high blood glucose level. It can lead to complications in many parts of the body and develop some serious life-threatening health problems when not well managed. Decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia has become one of the effective ways to manage diabetes mellitus, in particular, non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Α-glucosidase is the key enzyme catalyzing the final step in the digestive process as Molecules 2020, 25, 2481; doi:10.3390/molecules25112481 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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