Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify Lactobacillus isolates derived from turkeys from six Polish farms and to characterize their phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles.ResultsAmong 62 isolates identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and restriction analysis of 16S rDNA, the dominant species was L. salivarius (35%), followed by L. crispatus (21%), L. ingluviei (14.5%) and L. johnsonii (10%). A high prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (68% resistant isolates), lincomycin (64.5%) and enrofloxacin (60%) among the lactobacilli tested was observed. Fewer than 50% isolates were resistant to ampicillin (47%), erythromycin (45%), streptomycin (31%), chloramphenicol (29%) and gentamicin (10%). As many as 64,5% of the isolates showed multidrug resistance. High MIC values for ampicillin (≥64 μg/ml) were usually accompanied by elevated MICs for cephalosporins (≥16 μg/ml) and high MICs for tiamulin, i.e. ≥32 μg/ml, were noted in most of the turkey lactobacilli (61%). The occurrence of resistance genes was associated with phenotypic resistance, with the exception of five phenotypically susceptible isolates that contained the tetM, tetL, ermC, ermB or cat genes. The most frequently identified were ermB (45% isolates), tetL (40%), tetW (37%) and tetM (29%), and the occurrence of lnuA (18%), cat (10%), ermC (6%), ant(6)-Ia (5%) and aadE (5%) was less frequent. The mechanism of ampicillin resistance has not been elucidated, but the results of nitrocefin test confirmed that it is not involved in the production of beta-lactamases.ConclusionsThe high rate of antibiotic resistance observed in this study indicates the need to implement the principles of rational use of antibiotics in poultry. The presence of transmissible resistant genes in lactobacilli may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains that pose a threat to both poultry and consumers. The results of these studies may be useful for committees providing guidance on antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms in order to revise and supplement current microbiological cut-offs values within the genus Lactobacillus.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to identify Lactobacillus isolates derived from turkeys from six Polish farms and to characterize their phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles
Among the 62 isolates identified to the species level (log(score) 1.7-3.0), the species identified were L. salivarius – 22 strains, L. crispatus – 11, L. crispatus/L. ultunensis – 2, L. ingluviei – 9, L. johnsonii -1, L. johnsonii/L. gasseri – 5, L. oris – 3, L. oris/L. antri – 2, L. saerimneri – 3, L. agilis – 2, and L. reuteri – 2 strains (Additional file 2)
Our work is the first report on the identification and antibiotic susceptibility of Lactobacillus bacteria from turkeys
Summary
The aim of this study was to identify Lactobacillus isolates derived from turkeys from six Polish farms and to characterize their phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are Gram-positive, aerotolerant or anaerobic catalase-negative rods or coccobacilli with a G+C content usually below 54 mol% [1]. They are the most numerous group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with 228 species described to date (July 2018) [2]. Turkeys are considered difficult to raise, especially in the early stages, due to their sensitivity to adverse environmental conditions and high nutritional requirements [6] They are susceptible to many diseases, including bacterial infections, which can be primary or secondary [7]
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