Abstract
Antibiotic resistant and foodborne pathogenic bacteria of poultry origin have become important and a threat to public health, this is as a result of the continual use of the antibiotics in poultry. This study therefore aimed to provides information on Antibiotic Usage and Resistance Pattern of Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Isolation, identification and characterization of bacterial isolates were carried out by standard microbiological method, surveillance on antibiotic usage in poultry was carried out by administering multiple choice structured questionnaires while disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility test. Samples of fresh poultry dropping were obtained from layers, broilers chicken in Akure, Nigeria. Bacterial pathogens isolated were mainly <i>Enterobacteria</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>. <i>Escherichia coli</i> 77 (53.50%) is the most prevalent bacteria, most poultry farm employed more than one antibiotics, twenty-one (21) different antibiotic usage patterns was observed with Enrofloxacin, NCO, Chlortetracycline and Keproceryl being the most used antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance pattern based on the most used antibiotics in poultry revealed that resistance to tetracycline 89.36% was higher in the isolates from farms that used Chlortetracycline mostly and resistance to gentamicin 51.72%, cloxacillin 100%, and erythromycin 100% was higher in those isolates from farms that used Keproceryl mostly. Conclusively, the conventional use of antibiotics in poultry may have resulted to the antibiotic resistance pattern observed in human pathogenic bacterial isolates which can be acquired by man through the food chain.
Highlights
There is an increasing demand for poultry meat mainly due to its acceptance by most societies and its relatively low cholesterol content and egg products. [1, 2]
Total number of one hundred and forty six (146) human pathogenic bacteria was isolated from 644 samples of poultry droppings in nine (9) different locations
The result revealed that Escherichia coli 77 (53.50%) is most prevalent bacterial and was isolated from layers and broilers while the least prevalent bacterial pathogens are Enterobacter spp. 3 (2.05%), Shigella spp., 2 (1.37%) Citrobacter spp. 3 (2.05%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (1.37%), Seratia sp. 2 (1.37%) and Micrococcus luteus 3 (2.05%)
Summary
There is an increasing demand for poultry meat mainly due to its acceptance by most societies and its relatively low cholesterol content and egg products. [1, 2]. There is an increasing demand for poultry meat mainly due to its acceptance by most societies and its relatively low cholesterol content and egg products. Poultry meat can be contaminated by droppings with a variety of foodborne pathogens that may cause human illness following ingestion and is due to handling of raw meat, undercooking or mishandling of the cooked product [3, 4]. The high population density of modern intensively managed livestock operations results in sharing of both commensal flora and pathogens, which can be conducive to rapid dissemination of infectious agents. Livestock in these environments commonly require aggressive infection management strategies, which often include the use of antibiotic therapy [5]. Antibiotics are used in poultry farming as: Therapeutic Agents, Prophylactic Agents and Growth
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